Comparative Studies of Quran

Comparative Studies of Quran

A comparative study of the issue of seeing God from the interpretive perspective of Imami and popular commentators

Document Type : Original

Authors
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
3 PhD student of Islamic Studies, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
The issue of seeing God Almighty has long been disputed among Muslim thinkers. Whether it is possible to see God with external eyes in this world and the hereafter is a matter of dispute. One of the verses that the proponents and opponents of vision have argued to prove their claim is verse 103 of Surah An'am. Those who agree argue that this verse is a praise of the Lord, and the praise applies If he is really visible, and the word Absar is plural, meaning that all eyes do not see God, but it does not negate that some eyes do see God. Also, in the hereafter, God will create a sixth sense for man to see God. Opponents of vision have also argued; According to the previous verses and the last paragraph of the verse, not seeing God Almighty with the eyes of the head is actually a praise of God. Also, perception, because it is related to the word Absar, means vision, and the verse has denied this type of vision. In our opinion, this verse clearly negates seeing God with the eyes.
Keywords

Subjects


  1. Holy Quran (translation by Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi)

    Nahj al-Balagha (translation by Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi

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  • Receive Date 03 May 2022
  • Revise Date 02 March 2023
  • Accept Date 30 April 2023
  • Publish Date 20 February 2023