Comparative Studies of Quran

Comparative Studies of Quran

Examining the Qur’anic Foundations of Human Personality with a Comparative Approach of the Exegetical Thoughts of the Supreme Leader and Ayatollah Javādi Ᾱmoli

Document Type : Original

Author
Ali Asghar Shoaei
Assistant Professor, Department of Qur’an and Hadith Sciences, University of Holy Qur’an Sciences and Education, Qom, Iran.
10.22034/csq.2024.410330.1310
Abstract
One of the most important topics in anthropology is the concept of personality, yet there has been limited research examining it from the perspective of the Qur’an. Moreso, each theorist has provided a different definition of personality based on their understanding, leading to significant ambiguities in this field. One of the solutions to eliminate these ambiguities is to refer to religious texts, as they can help extract the religious foundations of human personality and address all aspects of human existence, both material and immaterial. This article employs a descriptive-analytical method to examine the foundations of human personality from the teachings of the Qur’an, with a comparative approach to the exegetical thoughts of Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Khamenei and Ayatollah Abdullah Javādi Ᾱmoli. The findings of the research indicate that human personality, understood as moral qualities, serves as the underlying structure and internal cause of human behavior. Its formation is influenced by both internal factors, such as the material, metaphysical, and uncontrollable environment, and external factors, such as the controllable environment and voluntary behaviors, some of which are acquired while others are innate
Keywords
Qur’anic foundations
Personality
Comparative approach
Exegetical thoughts
Khamenei
Javādi Ᾱmoli

Subjects

Glorious Quran
ʿAbbās Nizhād, Moḥsin (1385 SH): "Qurʾān va Ṭibb", Mashhad: Moʾassase-e Intishārātī Bonyād-e Pazhūhishhā-ye Qur’ānī-e Ḥawzeh va Dānishgāh.
Abū al-Baqāʾ Ayyūb ibn Mūsā al-Ḥusaynī al-Kafawī (1419 AH): "al-Kulliyyāt, Faṣl al-ʿAyn", Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risāla.
Abū al-Ḥusayn, Aḥmad ibn Fāris ibn Zakariyyah (1404 AH): "Muʿjam Maqāyīs al-Lugha". Qom: Intishārāt Daftar Tablīghāt Islāmī Ḥawza ʿIlmiyya Qom.
Abū Ḥayyān, Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf (1420 AH): "al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ fī al-Tafsīr". Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
Alan, A. Ras (1378 SH): "Ravānshanāsī Shakhṣiyyat", Tehran: Siyawash Jamālfar, Rawān.
Ālūsī, Sayyid Maḥmūd (1415 AH): "Rūḥ al-Maʿānī fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm", Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya.
Atkinson Heligard, Rita al (1384 SH): "Zamīnah-yi Ravānshanāsī". Tehran: Muḥammad Taqī Barāhanī, Kitāb Ṣonūbar.
BadʿalʿAlīpoor, Ārash & Basāk, Ismāʿīl (1399 SH): "Shakhṣīyyat Shināsī wa Irtibāt ān dar Rafṭār-i Sāzmānī", 5th International Conference on Innovation and Research in Educational, Management and Psychology Sciences. Tehran.
Bahjatpoor, ʿAbd al-Karīm (1392 SH): "Tafsīr Tanzīlī (bi Tartīb-i Nuzūl) Mabānī Uṣūl Qawāʿid wa Fawāʾid", Tehran: Pazhūhishgāh-i Farhang va Andīshe Islāmī, first edition.
Bashīrī, Abū al-Qāsim; Muṭahharī, Jamshīd (1385 SH): "Muʾassasa-yi Āmūzishī wa Pazhūhishī Imām Khomeinī (ra)". Qom.
Elahi, Abbas (1401 SH): "Taḥlīl-e Intiqādī bar maqāle-e shakhsiyat-e Peyāmbar-e Akram (ṣ) dar Dā’irat Ma'ārif-e Qur’ān-e Leiden", Qur’ān Pazhūhī-ye Khāvarshanasān, 17(33), 83-106. doi: 10.22034/jqopv.2023.7604
Farāhīdī, Khalīl ibn Aḥmad (1410 AH): "Kitāb al-ʿAyn", Qom: Hijrat, second edition.
Fayyūmī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad Muqarrī (N.D.): "Al-Miṣbāḥ al-Munīr fī Gharīb al-Sharḥ al-Kabīr lil-Rāfiʿī", Qom: Dār al-Raḍī Publications.
Fīrūzābādī, Seyyed Ḥosayn (1391 SH): "Bardāshtī az Andīshe-e Difāʿī Ḥazrat Imām Khamenei dar Ḥākimiyat-i Khudā", Tehran: Publications of the Higher National Defense University.
Haines, W. Richard, and Harold Koontz (1388 SH): "Usūl-e Mudīriyyat (Cheshm andāz-e Jahānī)", Translator: Ali Pārsāyān, Tehran: Tarmeh.
Ḥaqqī Burūsawī, Ismāʿīl (N.D): "Tafsīr Rūḥ al-Bayān". Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
Ḥasanī, Sayyid Ḥamīd Rizā, & ʿAlīpoor, Mehdī (1385 SH): "Jāyigāhshināsī ʿIlm-i Uṣūl". Qom: Intishārāt Markaz Mudīriyyat-i Ḥawza ʿIlmiyya Qom.
Ibn ʿAṭiyya al-Andalusī, ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq bin Ghālib (1422 AH): "al-Muḥarrar al-Wajīz fī Tafsīr al-Kitāb al-ʿAzīz", Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya.
Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl ibn ʿUmar (1419 AH): "Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm", Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya.
Ibn Manẓūr, Abū al-Faḍl Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Mukarram (1414 AH): "Lisān al-ʿArab", Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 3rd edition.
Jamshīdī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn (1383 SH): "Mabānī wa Tārīkh Andīsha-yi Niẓāmī dar Jahān", Tehran: Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, first edition.
Jan Christensen, Haug Wagner, Sebastian Halliday (1385 SH): "Ravānshanāsī ʿUmūmī" Translators: Raḥīm Mīrdarīkundī, Abū al-Qāsim Bashīrī, Jamshīd Mutahhari, Qom: Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute 
Jāsibī, ʿAbdullāh & Muḥammadnūr Bakhsh Langarūdī, Muḥsin (1376 SH): "Mabānī-yi Rafṭār-i Insān az Dīdgāh-i Islām", Iqtiṣād va Mudīriyyat Journal: 20-5.
Javādī Āmuli, ʿAbdullāh (1380 SH): "Mabādī Akhlāq dar Qurʾān (Tafsīr-i Mawḍūʿī)", Qom: Isrāʾ, fourth edition.
Javādī Āmuli, ʿAbdullāh (1383 SH): "Tawḥīd dar Qurʾān", Qom: Isrāʾ.
Javādī Āmuli, ʿAbdullāh (1384a): "Fiṭrat dar Qurʾān", Qom: Isrāʾ. third edition.
Javādī Āmuli, ʿAbdullāh (1384b): "Ḥayāt-i Ḥaqīqī-yi Insān dar Qurʾān", Qom: Isrāʾ, second edition.
Javādī Āmuli, ʿAbdullāh (1388): "Tafsīr-i Tasnīm", Qom: Isrāʾ, eighth edition.
Javādī Āmuli, ʿAbdullāh (1389b): "Tafsīr Insān bi Insān", Qom: Isrāʾ, fifth edition.
Javādī Āmuli, ʿAbdullāh (1389c): "Jāmiʿa dar Qurʾān", Qom: Isrāʾ, third edition.
Javādī Āmuli, ʿAbdullāh (N.D): "Sūrush-i Hidāyat", Qom: Isrāʾ, fifth edition.
Jawānshīr, ʿAbbās; Shujaʿī, Muḥammad Ṣādiq & Zāriʿān, Muḥammad Javād. (1400 SH): "Naqsh-i Irāda va Ikhtiyār dar Padidāyī va Taḥawwul-i Shakhṣīyyat". Qurʾān wa ʿIlm Journal, 15(28), 176-210. doi: 10.22034/qve.2021.5939
Kahneman, Daniel (2000): "A psychological point of view: Violations of rational rules as a diagnostic of mental processes", The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23: 681-683.
Khamenei, Sayyid ʿAlī (1387 SH): "Az Jarfā-yi Namāz". Qom: Daftar Nashr va Farhang Islāmī.
Khaṭīb, ʿAbd al-Karīm (N.D): "al-Tafsīr al-Qurʾānī li al-Qurʾān". Beirut: Dār al-Fikr al-ʿArabī.
Kulaynī, Muḥammad ibn Yaqūb (1407 AH): "Al-Kāfī (al-Islamiyah edition)," Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah.
Māhīnī, Salmān, Farāmarz Qarāmalakī, Aḥad (1394 SH): "Dalālat-hāye Tadrīsī Mafhūm-e Qur’ānī 'Shākile' bar Asās-e Rahyāft-e ʿAllāmeh Ṭabāṭabā'ī dar Tafsīr-e Al-Mīzān", Pazhūhī-ye ʿUlūm-e Tadrīsī az Didgāh-e Islām, Year 3, Number 4.
Maslow, Abraham (1367 SH): "Angīzish va Shakhsiyat" Translator: Ahmad Rezvani, Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi.
Maslow, Abraham (1371 SH): "Ofoq-hāye Vālātar az Fiṭrat Insān", Translator: Ahmad Rezvani, Mashhad: Astan Qods Razavi, second edition.
Mele, Alfred R. and Rawling (2004): “Introduction: Aspects of rationality", In A.R. Editors: Mele and P. Rawling.
Meybūdī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad (1371 SH): "Kashf al-Asrār va ʿAddat al-Abrār", Tehran: Amīr Kabīr Publications, fifth edition.
Mo’addab, Seyyed Reza (1393 SH): "Mabānī-e Tafsīr-e Qurʾān", Qom: Nashr-e Dāneshgāh, third edition.
Moorhead, Griffin (1388 SH): "Raftār-e Sāzimānī", Translators: Seyyed Mahdī Alvani, Gholāmrezā Mi'mārzādeh, Tehran: Morvarid.
Mughniyah, Muḥammad Jawad (1424 AH): "Tafsīr-e Al-Kāshif", Tehran: Dār Kitāb Islamiyyah.
Muhammadzādeh, Abbas, and Mehrujān, Ārmen (1375 SH): "Raftar-e Sāzimānī, Nigarish-e Iqtizā'ī", Tehran: Publications of ʿAllāmeh Ṭabāṭabā'ī University.
Muntaqa, Moḥsin et al (1398 SH): "Fahm-e Raftār-e Sāzimānī Mobtanī bar Fiqh" Nashriye-ye Mudīriyyat-e Farhāng Sāzimānī, volume 17, No. 2.
Murāghī, Aḥmad ibn Muṣṭafā (N.D.): "Tafsīr-e Al-Murāghī", Beirut: Dār-e Iḥyā' al-Turāth al-ʿArabī.
Mūsavī Jalāl, Zahra, and Malakī Yadollāh (1393 SH): "Shākhiṣehā-e Raftār-e Sāzimānī az Nigāh-e Qurʾān", 2nd International Conference on Management, Economics, and Sciences.
Muṣṭafawī, Ḥasan (1430 AH): "Al-Taḥqīq fī Kalimāt-e Qur’ān-e Karīm", Beirut: Dār Kitāb ʿIlmīyyah, third edition.
Mustaḥramī, Seyyed ʿĪsā (1400 SH): "Mostanadāt-e Qur’ānī Bāyestihā-ye Shādī dar Didgāh-e Maqām-e Mo'azzam-e Rahbarī", Qur’ān va ʿIlm Journal, 15(29), 186-211. doi: 10.22034/qve.2022.6648
Mutahhari, Morteza (1378 SH): "Majmu'eh-ye ʿĀsār", Tehran: Sadra.
Nīk Ṣifat, Ibrahim (1382 SH): "Barresī-e Tatbīqī-e Raveshshanāsī-e Nāẓarī-e Shakhsīyat-e Kāmil dar Gharb va Islām", Master's Thesis (Unpublished).
Nīk Ṣifat, Ibrahim (1386 SH): "Ravesh-hāye Sanjish-e Shakhsīyat az Nigāh-e Dīn va Ravānshanāsī", Qom: Moṭāliʿāt-e Islām va Ravānshanāsī, Year 1, Number 1.
Qolī Poor, Ārīn (1380 SH): "Jāmishanāsī-e Sāzimān-hā: Ruvikard-e Jāmiʿe shanāsī bi Sāzimān va Mudīriyyat", Tehran: SAMT.
Rafīʿī Ātānī, ʿAṭāʾullāh, and Ḥosayn Sobḥānī (1391 SH): "ʿUlūm-e Insānī Islāmī be Masābe Kāshīfiyat-e ʿAqlānī", Ḥikmat-e Isrāʾ Journal, Series 12.
Rāghib Iṣfahānī, Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad (1412 AH): "Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān", Beirut: Dār al-Qalam.
Rajirs, Karl (1370 SH): "Guruḥhā-i Rūyārūʾī: Baḥth dar Ravān-darmānī-i Guruḥī", Tehran: Farhād Māhir, Rushd.
Rezāyīān, ʿAlī (1381 SH): "Mabānī-i Mudīriyyat-i Rafṭār-i Sāzimānī", Tehran: SAMT, third edition.
Rezāyīān, Alī (1387 SH): "Mabānī-i Sāzimān va Mudīriyyat", Tehran: SAMT.
Rezāyīān, Alī, and Nīsīānī, Alī ʿAbdullāhī (1392 SH): "Chishm-andāz-i Mudīriyyat-I Dowlatī", Series 16: pp. 89-113.
Sāʿatchī, Maḥmūd (1375 SH): "Ravānshanāsī Kārbordī barāye Mudīrān dar Khāneh, Madraseh va Sāzimān (bā Takīd bar Mabāḥith-e Ravānshanāsī Sanʿatī va Bālīnī)", Tehran: Moʾassase-i Nashr va Virāyish, second edition.
Sabzvārī Najafī, Muḥammad ibin Ḥabīb Allāh (1419 AH): "Irshād al-Azhān ilā Tafsīr al-Qur’ān", Beirut: Dār al-Taʿāruf li al-Maṭbūʿāt.
Ṣāʿidrazī, Muḥammad Ḥoseyn. (1402 SH): "Barresī-ye Jāyigāh-e Tadrīs, bar Asās-e Ahādāf-e Ḥuḵumat dar Qur’ān", Qur’ān va ʿIlm Journal, 17(33), 315-342. doi: 10.22034/qve.2024.9071
Qavāmī, Seyyed Ṣamsām al-Dīn, Nobarī, Alīrezā (1396 SH: "Maʿnāshanāsī-ye Sāzimān bā Ruvikard-e Qur’ānī", Qur’ān va ʿIlm Journal, 10(19), 103-118.
Shaʿārī Nizhād, Alī Akbar (1385 SH): "Nigāh-i Nū bi Ravānshanāsī-i Insān-i Sālim (Safarī Kūṭāh dar Shakhsīyat-i Insān)", Tehran: Itilāʿāt Publications.
Shabr, Seyyed ʿAbd Allāh (1407 AH): "Al-Jawhar al-Thamīn fī Tafsīr al-Kitāb al-Mubīn", Kuwait: Maktabat al-Alfīn.
Shafīʿ Ābādī, ʿAbdullāh (1365 SH): "Naẓarīye-e Mushāvere va Ravān-Darmāmī," Tehran: n.p.
Shāmlū, Saʿīd (1374 SH): "Makātbhā va Naẓariyehā dar Ravānshanāsī-e Shakhsīyat", Tehran: Rusd.
Shultz, Duane (1389): "Naẓarīhā-ye Shakhsīyat", Translators: Yūsuf Karīmī et al, Tehran: Arasbārān, seventh edition.
Stevenson, Liseli (1363 SH): "Haft Naẓariyye darbāre-e Ṭabīʿat-i Insān", Tehran: Bahrām Muḥsinpūr, ʿAllāma Ṭabāṭabāʾī.
Stoutzel, Jan (1385 SH): "Ravānshanāsī Ijtimāʿī". Tehran: ʿAlī Muḥammad Kardan, SAMT.
Ṭabarī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr (1412 AH): "Jāmiʿ al-Bayān fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān,", Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah.
Ṭabarsī, Faḍl bin Ḥasan (1372 SH): "Majmaʿ al-Bayān fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān,", Tehran: Nāṣir Khosrow Publications, third edition.
Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Seyyed Muḥammad Ḥusayn (1417 AH): "Al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān", Qom: Daftar-e Intishārāt-e Islāmī-ye Jāmiʿe Mudarrisīn, fifth edition.
Thaʿlabī Nishābūrī, Abū Isḥāq Aḥmad ibn Ibrāhīm (1422 AH): "al-Kashf wa al-Bayān ʿan Tafsīr al-Qurʾān", Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī.
Ṭurayḥī, Faḵhr al-Dīn (1416 AH): "Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn", Tehran: Kitābfurūshī Mortazavī, third edition.
Ṭūsī, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan (1407 AH): "Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām (Ed. Khorāsānī)", Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, fourth edition.
Ṭūsī, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan (N.D): "Al-Tibyān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān", Beirut: Dār Iḥyā' al-Turāth al-ʿArabī.
Witten, Wayne (1389 SH): "Ravānshanāsī ʿUmūmī", Editor: Yaḥyā Seyyed Moḥammadī, Tehran: Nashr-e Ravān.
Zaḥīlī, Wahbah ibn Muṣṭafā (1418 AH): "Al-Tafsīr al-Munīr fī al-ʿAqīdah wa al-Sharīʿah wa al-Manhaj", Beirut: Dār al-Fikr al-Muʿāṣir, second edition.
Ẓiyāʾī Far, Saʿīd (1385 SH): "Pīsh Darāmadī bar Maktabshanāsī-ye Fiqhī", Qom: Pazhūheshgāh-e ʿUlūm va Farhang-e Islāmī.
Comparative Studies of Quran
Volume 9, Issue 1 - Serial Number 17
September 2024
Pages 100-121

  • Receive Date 06 August 2023
  • Revise Date 23 October 2023
  • Accept Date 24 October 2023
  • Publish Date 22 August 2024